Introduce simple addition as combining a small group with 1 more object and counting the new total.
Adding means putting groups together and counting them all as one big group.
If you have 2 crackers and get 1 more, you can count them all together to find out how many that is now.
Mastery looks like: Child combines a small group with 1 more object and correctly counts the new total by recounting the whole group.
Common stumbles: Child forgets to include the original group and only counts the new object, or forgets to recount from the start.
See it visually
Interactive, spoken-aloud tools that show this idea in motion.