Edit the draft for grammar, punctuation, capitalization, and spelling using an editing checklist, then produce a clean typed or neatly handwritten copy.
Editing is different from revising: revising changes ideas and sentences; editing fixes the small conventions, like capitals, punctuation, spelling, and complete sentences, so a reader is not distracted.
Use a checklist and go through the draft several times, once per item, rather than trying to catch everything in one pass: capitals and end marks, dialogue punctuation, no run-on sentences, and spelling, especially historical or tricky words.
Mastery looks like: They work through an editing checklist methodically, correcting capitalization, punctuation, run-ons, and spelling, and produce a clean final copy.
Common stumbles: Trying to fix every kind of error in a single read-through and missing most of them; skipping the read-aloud step, which catches many run-ons.
See it visually
Interactive, spoken-aloud tools that show this idea in motion.