Make a reasonable estimate for a small quantity, then count to check it.
An estimate is a smart guess you make before counting.
Look at a jar of objects, guess how many you think are inside, then count to see how close your guess was.
Mastery looks like: Child makes a reasonable estimate before counting and compares it to the actual counted total.
Common stumbles: Child guesses a wildly large or tiny number unrelated to the visible amount, since size-based estimating is a brand-new skill.
See it visually
Interactive, spoken-aloud tools that show this idea in motion.