Use current weather clues, cloud type, wind direction, and pressure trend, to make a short-term forecast, then check it against what actually happens.
Meteorologists forecast the future by reading the present carefully. Certain clouds are clues: high, wispy cirrus clouds often arrive a day or two before a warm front and its rain; tall, building clouds on a summer afternoon can mean a thunderstorm is close. Wind direction matters too, since wind usually blows from the direction the next weather is coming from, and a falling barometer, air pressure dropping, is one of the most reliable signs that a low-pressure system, and unsettled weather, is approaching.
A forecast is really a claim about the future built from evidence you can gather right now, which means it can be tested. This week, you become the forecaster: gather your own clues, state a clear prediction for the next day, and then check the actual result. Being wrong is useful too, since it means figuring out which clue you misread or missed.
Mastery looks like: They can state a testable short-term forecast from real cloud, wind, and pressure clues, and can explain a miss by identifying which clue misled them.
Common stumbles: Making a forecast too vague to check, "weather might change"; giving up on forecasting after one wrong prediction instead of treating it as evidence to learn from.