Eleventh Grade · Math · week 6

Systems of linear equations in three variables

Solve a system of three linear equations in three variables by systematically eliminating one variable at a time.

Three unknowns, three equations, one strategy: reduce to something you already know how to solve. Pick a variable to eliminate, and combine two DIFFERENT pairs of equations to knock it out both times -- this leaves you with two equations in only two variables, exactly last week's skill. Solve that pair, then substitute back twice to recover the third variable.

The bookkeeping matters more than any new idea. Label your equations (1), (2), and (3) so you always know which pair you combined and why. A clean plan: eliminate the same variable from (1)&(2) and from (1)&(3), solve the resulting 2-variable system, then plug both answers into any ORIGINAL equation to find the last unknown.

📋 For the teacher
Teach it (10–15 min):
  • Physically label the three equations (1), (2), (3) on paper every single time -- losing track of which pair was combined is the number one source of errors.
  • Model choosing a variable to eliminate by scanning for the EASIEST cancellation first (matching or opposite coefficients), just like in a 2-variable system.
  • Once reduced to two variables, hand it back to last week's toolkit explicitly: "this is now just a 2-variable system, remember?" -- the confidence boost matters.
  • Require a final check in ALL THREE original equations, not just one or two -- three unknowns means three chances for a slipped sign.
Talk about it:
  • Why does eliminating the same variable from two different pairs of equations get you closer to a solution?
  • How is solving a 3-variable system similar to, and different from, solving a 2-variable system?
  • Once you know two of the three variables, how do you find the last one?

Mastery looks like: They reduce a 3-variable system to a 2-variable system by systematic elimination, solve it, and verify all three values in every original equation.

Common stumbles: Combining the same pair of equations twice (which cannot eliminate a second variable); forgetting to check the final answer in all three equations.

Homework for this lessonType it, write it with a stylus, or print it for pencil & paper.open →
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