Understand that a bundle of 10 ones equals 1 ten, and represent numbers as bundles.
Ten ones can be bundled together to make one new unit called a ten. It is like trading ten pennies for one dime -- the amount is the same, just packaged differently.
This bundling idea is the heart of how our number system works. Once you have ten ones, you trade them in and start a new bundle.
Mastery looks like: They bundle ten single objects into a ten and read the resulting two-digit number.
Common stumbles: Bundling the wrong amount, not exactly ten; miscounting the loose ones left over after bundling.